Lectin Product Characteristics
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Abbreviation | Buffer | Blood Group | Activity | Inhibitory Carbohydrate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrus precatorius | Jequirity bean | APA | 0.01M Tris - 0.03M NaCl, pH 7.7. | Non-specific. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human red blood cells. | Galβ1-3GalNAc (T antigen) > LacNAc >Lactose > β-D-Galactose. |
| Aegopodium podagraria | ground elder | APP | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Not tested. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine > Lactose >> Galactose. |
| Agaricus bisporus | mushroom | ABA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. O>A, B. | 5-10 μg/ml will agglutinate type A or B cells. 2 μg/ml will agglutinate type O cells. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | β-D-Galactose (nominally). The lectin recognizes the structure Gal-GalNAc-serine (or threonine). |
| Allium sativum | garlic | ASA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | N/A | Agglutinates rabbit but not human erythrocytes. | α(1,3)-linked manoosyl units. |
| Allomyrina dichotoma | Japanese beetle | Allo A | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. A1>>A2,B,O. | Less than 5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated O erythrocytes. Less than 8μg/ml will agglutinate type A1 cells. Less than 65 μg/ml will agglutinate type A2, B, or untreated O cells. | β-D-Galactosides. |
| Amaranthus caudatus | Tassel flower, Inca wheat | ACA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | A,B,O | ACA agglutinates human ABO and sheep, goat, rat, rabbit and guinea-pig erythrocytes (3). | GalNAc (T-antigen disaccharide and its α-linked glycosides (GALβ (1,3) GalNAcα-O-R)) |
| Anguilla anguilla | fresh water eel | AAA | 0.01M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.3. | Non-specific. O>A>B. | Less than 15 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.25 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | a-L-Fucose. |
| Arachis hypogaea | peanut | PNA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Non-specific after neuraminidase treatment. | Less than 1 μg/ml will agglutinate human erythrocytes after neuraminidase treatment of the cells. | Lactose > β-D-Galactose. |
| Artocarpus integrifolia | jackfruit | Jacalin | 0.01M Phosphate -0.15M Nacl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Non-specific after neuraminidase treatment. | Less than 0.5μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. | a-D-Galactose. |
| Arum maculatum | lords and ladies tubers | AMA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | N/A | agglutinates human ejaculated spermatoza, but not human erythrocytes. | N-acetyllactosamine (Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc), but is not signifi cantly inhibited by monosaccharides or by lactose (Gal beta 1,4Glc), lacto-N-biose 1 (Gal beta 1,3GlcNAc), or chitobiose (GlcNAc beta 1,4GlcNAc). |
| Bauhinia purpurea | camel's foot tree | BPA | 0.01M Phosphate -0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Non-specific. M+N > O > A,B. | Less than 0.5μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. Without prior enzyme, at least 25 μg/ml is required to agglutinate red blood cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. |
| Bryonia dioica | white bryony | BDA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine > Lactose > Melibiose. |
| Canavalia ensiformis | jack bean | Succinylated Con A | 0.05M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.0 | Non-specific after neuraminidase treatment. | 0.5-10 μg/ml may be required to visibly agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | a-methyl-mannopyranoside > a-D-Mannose > a-D-Glucose > a-N-acetyl‑D‑glucosamine. |
| Canavalia ensiformis | jack bean | Con A | 0.05M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.0 | Non-specific after neuraminidase treatment. | 0.5-10 μg/ml may be required to visibly agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | a-methyl-mannopyranoside > a-D-Mannose > a-D-Glucose > a-N-acetyl‑D‑glucosamine. |
| Cancer antennarius | California crab | CCA | 0.05M Tris - 0.1M NaCl - 0.01M CaCl2, pH 7.2 containing 0.05% BSA. | Horse and rabbit erythrocytes. Will not react with human cells. | 9-O-acetyl sialic acid and 4-O-acetyl sialic acid. | |
| Caragana arborescens | pea tree | CAA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | O>A,B. | 1-2 μg/ml will agglutinate human erythrocytes after neuraminidase treatment of the cells. | N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (CAA-I) Not determined (CAA-II) |
| Cicer arietinum | chick pea | CPA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Nonspecific. Papain treated cells react more strongly. | Poor reactivity with normal human erythrocytes, requiring 7.5% BSA. Less than 1 μg/ml will agglutinate papain treated cells. | Not inhibited by simple sugars. Human IgM and bovine fetuin are potent inhibitors. |
| Colchicum autumnale | meadow saffron, autumn crocus | CA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. O > A > B. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate human type A2 erythrocytes. | Lactose > N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine > Galactose. |
| Cytisus scoparius | scotch broom | CSA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Nonspecific. | Reacts weakly with untreated erythrocytes. 1‑2μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine >> Lactose, Melibiose > Galactose |
| Datura stramonium | jimson weed | DSA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Nonspecific. | 30 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. | Chitotriose > Chitobiose > N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine. |
| Dioclea grandiflora | legume | DGL | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Not tested. | Mannose, Glucose. |
| Dolichos biflorus | horse gram | DBA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | A1 >> A2 | 4 μg/ml will agglutinate human type A1 cells. As much as 200 μg/ml is needed to agglutinate type A2 cells. | Terminal a-N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. |
| Erythrina cristagalli | coral tree | ECA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Nonspecific. ECA reacts stronger with neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. | 1-2 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. | N-acetyllactosamine > Lactose > N‑acetyl‑D‑galactosamine > Galactose |
| Euonymus europaeus | spindle tree | EEA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | B, O(H), A2 | 50 μg/ml will agglutinate human A2 erythro-cytes. | Not inhibited by simple sugars. |
| Galanthus nivalis | snowdrop bulb | GNA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Appears to react only with type O cells. NOTE: the age of the blood cells may be important for reactivity of this lectin. Fresh erythrocytes react better than older cells. | Less than 15 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. | Mannose a(1,3)mannose. High concentrations of mannose (> 0.2M) can also be used as an inhibitor. |
| Glechoma hederacea | ground ivy | GHA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | A > B, O. | For typsin treated human type A, B, and O, minimal concentration was 44, 176, and 708 ug/ml-1 respectively for hemagglutination. | Gal, methyl-α-D-galactopyranoside and GalNAc. |
| Glycine max | soybean | SBA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | A1 > A2 >> B | Less than 4 μg/ml will agglutinate fresh A1 cells. Older B cells can be stronger than A2 cells. | Terminal a- and β- N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. SBA also reacts with galactose. |
| Griffonia simplicifolia | formerly Bandeiraea simplicifolia | GS-II | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl containing 0.5mM CaCl2, pH 7.2-7.4 | Non-reactive with normal erythrocytes. GS-II does agglutinate acquired-B, T-activated, and Tk polyagglutinable cells. | 5-10 μg/ml will agglutinate Tk polyagglutinable cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑glucosamine. |
| Griffonia simplicifolia | formerly Bandeiraea simplicifolia | GS-I | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl containing 0.5mM CaCl2, pH 7.2-7.4 | B erythrocytes. Slight reactivity with A1 cells, evidently due to the A subunit. | 20-30 μg/ml is required to agglutinate fresh type B blood cells. The isolated GS-I-B4 lectin will react stronger than the isolectin mixture. Lectin activity against all blood types increases after neuraminidase treatment of the cells. | a-D-Galactoside and a-linked galactose oligosaccharides. N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine is an inhibitor of the A subunit, only. |
| Helix aspersa | garden snail | HAA | 0.01M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 8.0 containing 5mM GlcNAc as a stabilizer. | A1, A2. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate A1 or A2 cells. Neuraminidase treated B and O cells react as strongly as type A cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine >> N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine. |
| Helix pomatia | edible snail | HPA | 0.01M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 8.0. | A1, A2. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate A1 or A2 cells. Neuraminidase treated B and O cells react as strongly as type A cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. |
| Hippeastrum hybrid | amaryllis | HHA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | N/A | Does not agglutinate Human erythrocytes | α((1,3) or α((1,6) linked mannosyl units |
| Homarus americanus | California lobster | HMA | 0.05M Tris - 0.15M NaCl - 0.01M CaCl2, pH 7.5‑8.0. | B > O > A2. | Less than 2.5 μg/ml will agglutinate human type B erythrocytes. At least 10 μg/ml is required to agglutinate type O or A2 erythrocytes. | N-acetylneuraminic acid, N‑acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. |
| Iberis amara | candytuft | IAA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Anti-M and anti M+N have been reported. | Only crude material has been tested. The blood agglutination titer is approximately 4-8 using a starting concentration of 20mg solid/ml PBS. | Nominally, N-Acetylgalactosamine, but not inhibited by simple sugars. |
| Iris hybrid | Dutch Iris | IRA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | N/A | agglutinates native and trypsin-treated rabbit erythrocytes but not human erythrocytes. | GalNAc alpha 1-3Gal beta-O |
| Laburnum alpinum | scotch laburnum | LAA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Nonspecific. | At least 60 μg/ml is necessary in order to exhibit visual agglutination with type O human erythrocytes. Only 2 μg/ml is required to agglutinate neuraminidase treated red blood cells. | N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine (nominally), LAA-I. β-Galactosides, LAA-II. |
| Lens culinaris | lentil | LcH | 0.05M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.0-7.2. | Nonspecific. | 50-200 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. 2-5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | D-Mannose and D-Glucose. A fucose linked a(1,6) to the core GlcNAc of N-linked glycopeptides is an important determinant for lectin activity. |
| Limax flavus | garden slug | LFA | Stored in 0.05M Tris - 0.3M NaCl, pH 7.5. | Nonspecific. | 10-15 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. | N‑acetylneuraminic acid and N‑glycolylneuraminic acid. |
| Limulus polyphemus | horseshoe crab | LPA | 0.05M Tris - 0.15M NaCl-0.01M CaCl2, pH 8.0. | Nonspecific. O> A,B. | 10-20 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. As much as 100 μg/ml may be necessary to agglutinate type A or B cells. | N‑acetylneuraminic acid and N‑glycolylneuraminic acid. |
| Lotus tetragonolobus | asparagus pea | Lotus | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | O (H). | Less than 10 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated type O human erythrocytes. | a-L-fucose, Le(x) (Galβ1,4[Fuca1,3]GlcNAc) |
| Lycopersicon esculentum | tomato | LEA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Nonspecific. O > A, B. | 50- 60 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. 5-10 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamineb(1,4)N‑acetyl‑D- glucosamine oligomers up to 4 carbohydrate units. The N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine residues do not need to appear consecutively. |
| Maackia amurensis | MAA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. | Sialic acid a(2,3) galactose. High concentrations of lactose are also inhibitory. | |
| Maclura pomifera | osage orange | MPA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Nonspecific. O > A > B. | Less than 5 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.1 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | a-D-galactose. Melibiose [Gala (1,6)Glc] is a more potent inhibitor, as is T.disaccharide [Galβ1,3GalNAc] |
| Mangifera indica | mango | MIA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. O, A1 > B, A2. | Not determined. | |
| Marasmium oreades | mushroom | MOA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | B >> A | Will agglutinate type B erythrocytes six times more avidly than type A. | Galα1,3Gal and Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc |
| Morniga G | black mulberry | MNA-G | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | A. | MNA-G has specific agglutination activity at 3.3 ng mL-1 | MNA-G is specific for Galactose. |
| Morniga M | black mulberry | MNA-M | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | A. | MNA-M has specific agglutination activity at 43 ng mL-1. | MNA-M is specific for Mannose. |
| Narcissus pseudonarcissus | daffodil | NPA | 0.05M Tris - 0.1M NaCl, pH 8.0. | Non-reactive with human erythrocytes. NPA will agglutinate both normal and trypsin treated rabbit erythrocytes. | Mannose. | |
| Perseau americana | avocado | PAA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Not reactive with normal human cells | Less than 1 mg/ml of the crude lectin will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. | Not determined. |
| Phaseolus lunatus | lima bean | LBA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | A1 > A2 >>B. | Less than 60 μg/ml will agglutinate type A1 erythrocytes. More than 200 μg/ml is required to agglutinate type A2 cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | red kidney bean | PHA-P | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | For PHA-E O > A,B. PHA‑L does not react strongly with any blood type. | For PHA-E, less than 5 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. For PHA-L, a minimum of 1mg/ml is required to agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | Not inhibited by simple sugars. |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | red kidney bean | PHA-M | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | For PHA-E O > A,B. PHA‑L does not react strongly with any blood type. | For PHA-E, less than 5 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. For PHA-L, a minimum of 1mg/ml is required to agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | Not inhibited by simple sugars. |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | red kidney bean | PHA-L | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | For PHA-E O > A,B. PHA‑L does not react strongly with any blood type. | For PHA-E, less than 5 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. For PHA-L, a minimum of 1mg/ml is required to agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | Not inhibited by simple sugars. |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | red kidney bean | PHA-E | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | For PHA-E O > A,B. PHA‑L does not react strongly with any blood type. | For PHA-E, less than 5 μg/ml will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. For PHA-L, a minimum of 1mg/ml is required to agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | Not inhibited by simple sugars. |
| Phaseolus vulgaris (black) | black kidney bean | PHA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Nonspecific. | Less than 15 μg/ml of the crude preparation will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human red blood cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine >> lactose > melibiose, galactose, sialic acid. |
| Phytolacca americana | pokeweed | PWM, PWA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Nonspecific after neuraminidase treatment of the blood cells. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human red blood cells. | Oligomers of β(1,4)-linked N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine, N-acetyllactosamine. |
| Pisum sativum | garden pea | PSA, PEA | 0.05M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.0-7.2 | Non-specific after neuraminidase treatment of the blood cells. | Between 10-100 μg/ml may be required to agglutinate neuraminidase treated red blood cells. | Methyl-D-mannopyranoside, D-Mannose. |
| Polygonatum multiflorum | Solomon’s seal | PMA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | N/A | Agglutinates rabbit but not human erythrocytes. | asialofetuin and asialomucin >> Native fetuin and mucin |
| Polyporus Squamosus | mushroom | PSL | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | B > A,O. | Not tested. | Neu5Acα2,6Galβ1,4GlcNAc. |
| Psophocarpus tetragonolobus | winged bean | PTA (galactose specific) | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Non-specific. Both lectins react weakly with type A1 erythrocytes. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml of either the galactose specific lectin or the N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine specific lectin will agglutinate human type O, B, or A2 erythrocytes. Less than 15 μg/ml of N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine specific PTA will agglutinate type A1 cells. Less than 8 μg/ml of galactose specific PTA will agglutinate type A1 cells. | |
| Psophocarpus tetragonolobus | winged bean | PTA (N-acetyl D galactosamine specific) | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4 | Non-specific. Both lectins react weakly with type A1 erythrocytes. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml of either the galactose specific lectin or the N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine specific lectin will agglutinate human type O, B, or A2 erythrocytes. Less than 15 μg/ml of N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine specific PTA will agglutinate type A1 cells. Less than 8 μg/ml of galactose specific PTA will agglutinate type A1 cells. | N‑acetyl‑D‑galactosamine (L‑7902). Lactose will inhibit both lectins. |
| Ricinus communis | castor bean | RCA-I + RCA-II | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 1 μg/ml of RCA-I will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 10 μg/ml of RCA-II will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Both lectins will agglutinate neuraminidase treated red blood cells at a concentration of less than 0.5 μg/ml | Lactose will inhibit both RCA-I and RCA-II. Galactose will inhibit RCA-I. GalNAc will inhibit RCA-II. |
| Ricinus communis | castor bean | RCA-I | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 1 μg/ml of RCA-I will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 10 μg/ml of RCA-II will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Both lectins will agglutinate neuraminidase treated red blood cells at a concentration of less than 0.5 μg/ml | Lactose will inhibit both RCA-I and RCA-II. Galactose will inhibit RCA-I. GalNAc will inhibit RCA-II. |
| Ricinus communis | castor bean | RCA-II | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 1 μg/ml of RCA-I will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Less than 10 μg/ml of RCA-II will agglutinate type O human erythrocytes. Both lectins will agglutinate neuraminidase treated red blood cells at a concentration of less than 0.5 μg/ml | Lactose will inhibit both RCA-I and RCA-II. Galactose will inhibit RCA-I. GalNAc will inhibit RCA-II. |
| Robinia pseudoacacia | black locust | RPA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. Neuraminidase treated cells react more strongly than untreated cells. | 100 μg/ml may be required to agglutinate neuraminidase treated red blood cells. | Not inhibited by simple sugars |
| Salvia horminum | SHA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Anti-Tn (SSA,SHA); Anti-Cad (SHA). | Less than 5 mg/ml of crude SSA will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. Less than 2.5 mg/ml of crude SHA will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes and untreated type O or A2 cells. As much as 10 mg/ml of crude SHA may be required to agglutinate type B or A1 cells. | Both lectins are nominally specific for N‑acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. Lectin activity is only slightly inhibited by the monosaccharide. | |
| Salvia sclarea | SSA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Anti-Tn (SSA,SHA); Anti-Cad (SHA). | Less than 5 mg/ml of crude SSA will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes. Less than 2.5 mg/ml of crude SHA will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes and untreated type O or A2 cells. As much as 10 mg/ml of crude SHA may be required to agglutinate type B or A1 cells. | Both lectins are nominally specific for N‑acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. Lectin activity is only slightly inhibited by the monosaccharide. | |
| Sambucus nigra | elderberry | SNA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. A > B, O. | Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate human red blood cells regardless of type. | NANA a(2,6) galactose or NANA a(2,6) GalNAc are the best inhibitors. N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine =Lactose> Galactose. |
| Solanum tuberosum | potato | STA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 15 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. The activity is greater with neuraminidase treated red blood cells. | [GlcNAcβ(1,4)]3 GlcNAc > [GlcNAcβ(1,4)]2 GlcNAc > GlcNAcβ(1,4) GlcNAc |
| Sophora japonica | Japanese pagoda tree | SJA | 0.05M Tris - 0.15M NaCl, pH 8.7 | B >> A. | Less than 30 μg/ml will agglutinate human type B erythrocytes. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine > galactose. |
| Trichosanthes kirilowii | China gourd, tianhuafen | TKA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | O >> A > B | Less than 5 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 mg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | Lactose > β-D-Galactose |
| Trifolium repens | white clover | RTA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Does not agglutinate human erythrocytes. | 2-deoxyglucose | |
| Triticum vulgare | wheat germ | WGA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 4 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. Less than 1 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | GlcNacβ(1,4) GlcNacβ(1,4) GlcNac > GlcNacβ(1,4) GlcNac > GlcNac >> sialic acid (Neu5Ac) >> GalNAc. |
| Tulipa sp. | tulip | TL | 0.05M Tris - 0.1M NaCl, pH 8.7. | Non-specific. O > A > B. | At a concentration of 1 mg ml pure TL does not visibly agglutinate human type A, B, or O blood cells. Less than 250 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated type O cells. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine > Lactose > Galactose. |
| Ulex europaeus | gorse, furze | UEA-I | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | O (H). | Less than 4 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | a-L-Fucose. |
| Ulex europaeus | gorse, furze | UEA-II | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 30 μg/ml will agglutinate human type O erythrocytes. | GlcNAcβ(1,4) GlcNAc. |
| Urtica dioica | stinging nettle | UDA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. O > A1 > A2. | Less than 65 μg/ml will agglutinate human type A1 and O erythrocytes. Less than 15 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells. | Oligomers of β(1,4)-linked N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine. |
| Vicia graminea | VGA | 0.02M Phosphate - 0.1M NaCl, pH 6.5. | N. | Less than 30 μl crude lectin/ml of buffer will agglutinate type N erythrocytes. | Not inhibited by simple sugars. Reacts with clusters of O-linked Galβ(1,3) GalNAc. | |
| Vicia villosa | hairy vetch | VVA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | A1 (A4 isolectin); Tn+Cad (B4 isolectin). | More than 250 μg/ml is usually required to agglutinate type A1 cells. Some batches react stronger than others, requiring less than 5 μg/ml for agglutination of type A1 cells. Less than 1 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated cells regardless of blood type. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine. (Mannose for L-4603) |
| Vicia faba | fava bean, broad bean | VFA, favin | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific after neuraminidase treatment. | 30-50 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human red blood cells. | Mannose > Glucose > N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine. |
| Vigna radiata | mung bean | VRA | 0.05M Tris - HCl, pH 7.0. The storage solution also contains 1mM galactose as a stabilizer and 30% glycerol to prevent freezing | Does not agglutinate human erythrocytes. VRA will react with trypsin treated rabbit erythrocytes. | a-D-Galactose. | |
| Viscum album | mistletoe | VAA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. | Less than 1 μg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated human red blood cells. | β-D-galactose. |
| Wisteria floribunda | Japanese wisteria | WFA | 0.01M Phosphate - 0.15M NaCl, pH 7.2-7.4. | Non-specific. A1 > A2, B, O. | 15-30 μg/ml will agglutinate type A1 human erythrocytes. Less than 0.5 μmg/ml will agglutinate neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. | N-acetyl‑D‑galactosamine >> Lactose > Galactose. |
